《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(11): 1703-1709

植物叶绿体谷胱甘肽还原酶的功能研究进展

丁顺华, 陈珊, 卢从明^*

中国科学院植物研究所光生物学重点实验室, 北京100093

通信作者：卢从明；E-mail: lucm@ibcas.ac.cn

摘　要：

活性氧(ROS)是植物体内的代谢产物, 胁迫会加剧ROS的产生, 其过量积累导致细胞活力降低乃至死亡。抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环是植物体内清除ROS的重要途径。谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)是这一途径中的关键酶, 催化氧化态的谷胱甘肽(GSSG)还原生成还原态的谷胱甘肽(GSH), 维持植物体内的GSH含量和GSH库的氧化还原状态, 并清除ROS。本文结合近些年来GR的分子遗传学研究进展, 主要对GR蛋白结构及特性、植物体中的GR编码基因和GR蛋白的亚细胞分布、叶绿体GR与抗逆性、叶绿体GR与生长发育等进行综述, 并对今后植物中叶绿体GR的相关研究提出展望。

关键词：活性氧; 抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环; 谷胱甘肽还原酶; 光合作用

收稿：2016-08-24   修定：2016-09-29

资助：国家自然科学基金(30970218)。

Research progress on functions of glutathione reductase in chloroplasts of plants

DING Shun-Hua, CHEN Shan, LU Cong-Ming^*

Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Corresponding author: LU Cong-Ming; E-mail: lucm@ibcas.ac.cn

Abstract:

For higher plants, various reactive oxygen species (ROS) are inevitable byproducts of many processes even under normal growth conditions. Stresses induce the overproduction of ROS which are highly reactive and toxic and must be minimized to protect the cell from oxidative damage. The ascorbate-glutathione (AsAGSH) cycle is an important pathway for scavenging ROS. Glutathione reductase (GR) is one of the key enzymes in this cycle. GR catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which plays a significant role in maintaining the GSH level and redox state, and protecting cells against ROS. Considering recent information gained through molecular-genetic studies, this review presents an overview of the GR structure, properties, encoding genes and subcellular localization, discusses chloroplastic GR significance in stress defense and plant development, and also points out unexplored aspects in the current context for future studies.

Key words: reactive oxygen species; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; glutathione reductase; photosynthesis